Maharatna PSUs in India

What is a PSU?

PSUs which stand for Public Sector Undertaking are the companies of national importance. The majority stakeholder of these companies is the central government and these companies perform operations that are integral for the development of the country. These PSUs are classified into two categories, they are

CPSEs - Central Public Sector Enterprises
SPSEs - State Public Sector Enterprises

PSUs are directly coordinated by a special group called The Department of Public Enterprises (DPEs) which directly reports to the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises which works under the supervision of PMO India. CPSEs are classified into three categories based on their performance such as turnover, net worth and net profit on the annual basis and presence of a company in the stock exchange as per SEBI (Securities Exchange Board of India) rules. They are:

Maharatnas
Navaratnas
Miniratnas (Category-1 and Category-2)

In this list, I am going to focus only on Maharatna companies which contribute more to our economy with Pan-India presence.

List of Maharatna companies

National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) - New Delhi
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) - Uttarakhand
Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) - New Delhi
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) - New Delhi
Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) - New Delhi
Coal India Limited (CIL) - Kolkata
Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) - New Delhi
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) - Mumbai

History of Maharatna companies

The Government of India decided to set up  Maharatna status for companies in the year 2009 making them independent to invest 15% of their net worth in a project and these companies can have an investment ceiling from Rs 1000 crore to Rs 5000 crore. These investments can be made without permission from the government making them independent of these investments.

Criteria for Maharatna companies 

To qualify a company as Maharatna company annual profit for three years should be above Rs 2500 crore.
Net worth - Rs 10,000 crore.
Turnover - Rs 20,000 crore.

Maharatna companies explained

NTPC - National Thermal Power Corporation Limited
Founded - 7 November 1975
Headquarters - New Delhi
Revenue - $ 13 billion

Indian public sector undertaking responsible for the generation of electricity and associated activities. This company is incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and is supported by the Government of India. NTPC generates electricity and sell it to the state board of electricity.

ONGC - Oil and Natural Gas Corporation

Founded - 14 August 1956
Headquarters - New Delhi
Revenue - $ 17 billion

Indian multinational oil and gas company under the administration of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. It is responsible for the production of 70% crude oil and 62% of natural gas in India.

SAIL - Steel Authority of India

Founded - 19 January 1954
Headquarters - New Delhi
Revenue - $ 9.8 billion

SAIL is the 20th largest producer of steel in the world and 3rd largest in India. The hot metal production is expected to reach 50 million tonnes per annum by 2025.

BHEL - Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

Founded - 1964
Headquarters - New Delhi
Revenue - $ 4.3 billion

India's largest power generation equipment manufacturer. It produces electrical, electronic and mechanical equipment for all sectors in India. This company is the largest supplier of electric locomotives to "Indian Railways" and defense equipment to "Indian Armed Forces".

IOCL - Indian Oil Corporation Limited

Founded - 30 June 1959
Headquarters - New Delhi
Revenue - $ 88 billion

Indian oil and gas company which is present in the Fortune Global 500 list. It's business interests include value hydrocarbon chains and the refining of crude oil, natural gas, and petrochemicals.

CIL - Coal India Limited

Founded - 1975
Headquarters - Kolkata
Revenue - $ 20 billion

The largest coal-producing company in the world and contributes to 82% production of coal in India. It is owned by the Union Government of India. It has 81 mining areas in eight states in India.

GAIL - Gas Authority of India Limited

Founded - August 1984
Headquarters - New Delhi
Revenue - $ 11 billion

Production and distribution of natural gas, LPG and petrochemicals. GAILTEL generates electricity and distributes it to major cities in India. It has a trunk pipeline network of 11,000 km. It contributes to sectors like fertilizers and power.

BPCL - Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited

Headquarters - Mumbai
Revenue - $ 50 billion

The second-largest oil corporation and has two large oil refineries in India located at Kochi and Mumbai. Named as one of the companies on the Fortune list.





















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